泮池

泮池,又称泮宫,位于棂星门和大成门之间,为一座半月形的水池。泮池南岸呈半圆状,北岸平直,池东西长13米,南北宽5. 5米,水深7. 4米。池中央架有一座石桥,亦可称泮桥或登瀛桥。桥长5. 5米,宽2. 5米,两侧护以石雕栏杆。

 

泮池是孔庙建筑的主要特征。据《礼记·王制》载:“大学在郊,天子曰辟雍,诸侯曰泮宫。即国家最高学府必环以圆形流水,称辟雍; 而地方学府只能南面半面环水,称为泮宫,取半水之意。目前,辟雍只有北京国子监内有; 泮池则各地的孔庙之中都有。

 

古代新入学的生员都要在当地官员的带领下,从棂星门入孔庙,登泮桥、跨泮池,进入大成殿礼拜先师孔子,然后到儒学署拜见教官,这个入学仪式称之为入泮,意即进入孔学大门。

 

除上述象征意义外,泮池与其他宅第、寺庙前的水池一样,具有镇火的功能。

Lying between Lingxing Gate and Dacheng Gate, Pan Pond resembles a half moon in the center of which a stone bridge nestles elegantly. Compared with the 13 m long, 5.5 m wide and 7.4 m deep pond, this bridge with carved handrails is a bit small. Such a pond could be found in any Confucius Temple while the round pond can only exist in the Imperial Academy of the capital according to the Book of Rites. In ancient times, new students should enter the temple through Lingxing Gate and cross the bridge over the pond. Then, they should worship Confucius at Dacheng Hall and visit those teachers at the office. This is the admission procedure for ancient students. Besides, the pond could be used in case of a fire.