The Mencius gives a vivid account of the sage’s discourses and deeds. Mencius spread benevolent ruling by integrating ethnics into politics. This is the first time that human goodness was expounded by a Confucian scholar. Such goodness lies at the core of his ethical philosophy so that Mencius can be deemed second only to Confucius. This book was classified as a supplement to those classics in the Han dynasty and considered considered a classic in Later Shu of the Five Dynasties. Through Emperor Taizong’s effort, it was canonized in the Northern Song dynasty. Afterwards, Zhu Xi annotated this book and made it one of the Four Books. For Ming and Qing students, it was comparable to The Analects. Since 12 steles were lost, only 10 are visible presently.